Grinding machine, grinding wheel, and method of cooling the same



Oct. 30, 1928.

W. B. LEONARD, 2D

GRINDING MACHINE, GRINDING WHEEL,

AND METHOD OF COOLING THE SAME Filed Sept. 6, 1927 2 Sheets-Sheet Wearflufiaaizarii g ma, a

Oct. 30, 1928. 1,689,950 4 W. B. LEONARD, 2D

GRINDING MACHINE, GRINDING WHEEL, AND METHOD OF COOLING THE SAME FiledSept. 6, 1927 2 Sheets- Sheet 2 132062771? flzikzlmmrii Patented Oct.30, 1928.

uNrr n srA assen,

PAT ENIIf-OFE FQE,

WALTER n. LEONARD; 213, or BBOVIDENGE, nrronn. ISLAND, r ss enonroalvmnioanj map WHEEL worms r BOWD E RHODE D, warrenrmada mannaistann'.

GRINDING MACHIN enmnme WHEEL, Ann mn'rnonorjooonme TH E SAME:

Application an September My invention relates torgrinders, partioularlyto a typaeomprising a substantially cylindrical wall-of abrasivematerial having a substantially annulan grinding face onv the lower endthereof, commonly known-inrthe trade asa cylinder surface grindingWheel.

My invention is generally similar inobjeets. to thetype of grindersshown and described in Patent, l,600,054 granted Sept. 14 1926,to'Dayid- D; McLaughlin and myself! to proe videbetter l ubri'eation forthe grind:ing face and to eoeltli e grinding face thereof,- therebypermittin the use of a-wheel"having ariinoi'; 5

single, pass ofthe grinder and particularly adapted for continuousautomatiofeed of small arti'eles,,sueh as balljraees, valve tap pets and)istons etcvjaeross the grindingfaee thereof, thus having the amount offeed tremendously increased over the; amount of, feed, for which thetype oftn'iachine that the grind erofuny former patent was used"iLIldftlS the d'epthof feed'is so great, it is Obvious that themaehinesand the grinding wheels have to be constructed much stronger and thatthe type of wheel shown ininy former patent asitnot inherentl as strongas the type of wheel shown in the present'applieation eould'not bereadily. employed therein. In thetype of machines in which Jny foriner 1invention .W as employed the width of the rim in Contact with theworkwas, in general considerably smaller than the area of unit work beingground Whereas as explained in the soealled automatic type of grindingmachines des gned. primarily to grind'the surface of aeontinuous streamof smallobjects, the unit of" each object being ground ienormau muchsmaller. than the; Width ofi rim, incontact' with the work and if thetype; of 'tlie wheel shownin e, 1927. w swat no. mama my: former patentwereused in the ,inaehine of this type the small objects: would; tend:

to eatohin the grooves as the grinder; came 7 intoioontact therewith andtendto teari it;

In preparing a type of wheelisuri'tablei for use in; continuousau'toinatie grinding and one other types of grinding. machines: I hmzeevolved aIne'W systeinof cooling a grinding surface adapted. for coolingrotating grind ing' surface moving in eyeles relative to :wo'rk andcontacting the work duringza portioniof only of said; eycliewhiclreonip-rises: forming: pockets preferably enclosed axial vertical:

pockets in said grind-in gisurfaeeand rainmi-ng preferably vertically,pistons of ooolant into said pockets, si'ibstantiallyat the beginning-0fthe uneontaeting 'porti ons of-said cycle and. so regulztting the sizeof tl ie objeet and grinder andthe speed'conditions thereof tliat theeis tons of coolant drop-by gravity. before tlie actual grinding portionof said eyele=,l ieg'i n'si-' Further eats of niy invention-thereforeare I to provid'efa Wheel and somodify existing,

grinding machines that it may-be capable of carrying out this inventionajndI therefore provide, I: believe}, for tire; first time a novelcombination of grinding 'wlieel and other means attached to the grindingmae-hineffbr this purpose Further-obj ects of niyinvention; thereforeare to provide a grinder for use in surface per; ends thereof! Asitisniw ell known the arch or dome sliapeeonstruction ismuch strongerarchitecturally than upper ends with; corners Would-be. i I p a I Inactual ane a; certain amount, of detritusg atliers in front eftherevolving;-

pockets on the grinding face and work. I therefore preferably arrangethe elliptical pockets on the grinding surface obliquely to the radiuspreferably inclined outwardly from the inside of the face towards theoutside in the direction of rotation of said face so as to function asone side of a snow plow in forcing the detritus outwards and if thesepockets are placed obliquely in the direction just explained, it isapparent that they will function in combination with the centrifugalforce of the rotating wheel to aid in throwing the detritus to theoutside. If however, these pockets are arranged obliquely in theopposite direction it is apparent that they will function as the side ofa snow plow forcing the material towards the center of the grimling facewhen it is then free of the pockets it may be forced outwardly from thecenter or dropped through the central holes of the grinder. If desiredthe elliptical pockets may be arranged radially across the grindingsurface in which case the snow plow action is lost, but the pocketsfunction as successfully as Coolants. I have discovered that inpractice, however, if the pockets arrai'iged obliquely to the radius itlargely increa the grinding action of the grinder.

These and such other objects of my invcn tion as may hereinafter appearwill be best understood from the description of the ac companyingdrawings.

In the drawings, Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic plan view of a machine adaptedfor use in a continuous automatic grinding with my invention attached.

Fig; 2 is a side elevation showing the relative positions of thegrinding wheel, work holding chuck and coolantsupply.

Fig. 3 is a diagrammatic perspective view taken from underneath of thesame elements shown in Fig. 2.

Fig. 4 is a reverse plan view of a grinder constructed in accordancewith my invention.

Fig. 5 is a sectional view thereof taken along the line 55,of Fig. 4.

Fig. 6 is a reverse plan view of a modified form of my invention whereinthe elliptical pockets are arranged radially across the grinding face.

Fig. 7 is a. reverse plan view of an additional modified form of myinvention wherein the pockets are arranged obliquely alternately on thegrinding face.

In. the drawings, wherein like characters of reference indicate likeparts throughout. 10 generally indicates a grinder for use in sur facegrinding comprising a cylindrical ring of substantial depth having awall 12 of inherently abrasive material having an annular grinding face14 on the lower end thereof having the enclosed pockets 16 preferablysubstantially elliptical in section extending part way across said face14 preferably obliquely to the radius as shown in Figs. i,

5 and T enclosed by the side wall 12 thereof extending upwards asubstantial distance within said wall l2 and terminating in the roundedends 18 or if desired extending com pletely to the top.

lVhile my invention may be used in any suitable type of grindingmimhinc, as stated it is preferably designed for use on so calledautomatic vertical continuous surface grinders employing the socallcdautomatic system as more particularly described in Patent #l,599,37laforesaid, reference to which is hereby made for further details of themachine. As shown in Fig. 1 said machine has the usual support 20including a suitable revolving wheel chuck for holding the rotatingwheel 10 of my invention which as hitherto stated is designed to besubstituted for the plain cylinder type of grinders now used thereon. Inthis continuous system of grinding preferably a revolving magnetic chuckQ-l for holding a plurality of small pieces of work is cirqiloyed onwhich the work pieces are placed at one point carried past the grinderand removed at another point all within a cycle of rotation of saidgrinder. the work being continuously fed on to said revolving chuck 24through the inlet apron and removed from said chuck through the outletapron '28. As: shown diagrammatically in Figs. 2 and 3 it is thusobvious that the rotating grinding surface it moves in cycles relativeto the continuous stream of work and contacts the work during a portiononly of said cycle.

As st ated hitherto. my invention includes a novel nn-thod oflubricating grinding surfaces moving in cycles relative to the work andincludcs as said novel method. forming pockets: in said grimling surfaccand ramming pistons of cooiant into the pockets :uibstantially at thebeginning of the um-ontacting portion of said cycle and so regulatingthesizc of the objects and speed thereof that the pistons drop bygravity before the grinding cycle begins. 1 therefore provide thecoolant supply means: 30 preferably project ins, vcrt ically upwardsimmediately underneath said pockets a jacent the point near where thegrinding surface first lcarcs the work adaptcd to force the coolant. .Las ramming pistons H into these pockets at this point which pistons Illmay drop from said pockets 1( before the grinding surface adjacentthereto again contacts the work. its stated hitherto my inventionincludes providing a novel combination of this type of grinder with agrinding machine modified to 'functirm thcrcvi'ith by urranging thegrinding wheel and work iii this definite relationship and providing thecoolant supply 30 at the proper place.

As stated hitherto I preferably construct the pockets 16 substantiallyelliptical in shape so that the pistons S t will have a chance to movearound in the pockets to and substantially cleanse thenrand remove alldetritus therefronn As stated hitherto in order to provide a strongconstruction and to prevent the detritus from sticking in corners, Ipreferably terminate the pockets 16 in the rounded upper ends 18. p i

Asalso stated hitherto in Order that the pockets 16 may function as thewallof a snow plow, preferably in combination with the centrifugal forceproduced by the rotary grinder, I preferably arrange them across thegrinding face obliquely to the radius preferably inclinedoutwardly fromthe inside outward in the direction of rotation of the grinder, thoughif desired the pockets 16 may be arranged radially as shown in Fig. 6 inwhich case theywill function just as well for cooling and lubricatingpurposes but will lack the snow plow action for removing the detritusand the shearing action where the pockets are arran ed obliquely to theradius. Inig. 7 I have s iown a further modified form of the inventionin which the'pockets are arranged alternately obliquely in differentdirections.

It is thusobvious that I have provided a novel type of grinder, a novelmethod of cooling grinding surfaces and a novel combination between aspecificnovel type of grinder and a modified type of grinding machine,

which accomplishestheresults explained in detail hitherto, which broadlyspeaking includes the provision ofan integral grinding Wheel asasubstitute for types of wheelsformerly used incontinuous automaticgrinding of longer life and greater strength and which has theadvantages over the cylinder wheels in general. particularly Wherecooling and lubricating are concerned similar to those of the devicepatented by me in Patent It understood that my invention is not limitedto. the specific grinder or'apparatus shown or methods described andthat various deviations may be made therefroinwvithout departing fromthe spirit and scopeof the appended claims.

What I claim is:

"1. In a grinding inachine fin combination,

a rotating surface grinder comprising a cylindrical ring of substantialdepth having a wall of inherently abrasive mater al having an annulargrinding face on one end thereof and having enclosed pocketssubstantially elliptical in section extending part wayacross the annulargrinding facethereof obliquely to the radial enclosed by the side wallthereof extending upwards a substantial distance Within the wall thereofand terminating in rounded upper ends,means for moving workarcuatelyacross a portion only of said ro tating annular grinding faceand means to project a stream of coolant-substantially ver.

tically'upwardly into said ockets adjacent the point of departureOfSElld grinding face from the Work, whereby cooling pistons of l arotating surface coolant may be rammed into said pockets after thegrindin face leaves the work and dropped out before said pockets againreach the work. d a

2. In a grinding machine, infcombination,

a rotating surface grinder comprising a cylindrical ring of substantialdepth having a wall of inherently abrasive material having an annulargrinding face on one end thereof and havlng enclosed pockets extendingpart Way across the annular grinding face thereof enclosed by the sidewall thereof extending 1 upwards a substantial distance Within the Wallthereof, means for moving work arcuately across a portion only of saidrotating annular grinding face and means to project afistream of coolantsubstantially vertically F upwardly into said pockets adjacent the pointof departure of said grinding face from the work, whereby coolingpistons of coolant may an i.

be rammed into said pockets after the grinding face leaves the work anddropped out before said'pockets again reach the work. d

3; In a grinding mach ne, in comb nation;

rinder compris ng a cylindrical ring of substantial depth having a wallof inherently abrasive material having an annular grinding face on oneend thereof and having pockets extending across the annular grindingface thereof extending upwards a substantial distance of the wallthereof,

means for moving work arcuatelya'cross it p portion only of saidrotating annular grinding face and means to project a stream'of coolantinto said pockets ad acent the point- Inn of departure of said grindingface fromthc work, whereby cooling pistons of coolant may be rammedinto'said pockets after the grind-f ing face leaves the work and droppedout be fore said'pockets again reach the work.

4. In a grinding machine, in combination,

a rotating surface grinder comprising a cy' lindrical ring ofsubstantial depthhaving a" Wall of inherently abrasive material havingan annular grinding face on one end thereof and having enclosed pocketsextending part way across the annulargrinding face thereof enclosedbythe sidewall thereof extending upward s a substantial distance withinthe wall thereof, means formoving work across a portion only of saidrotating annular grinding face and means to project a stream of coolantinto sald pockets ad acent the point of departwe of said grinding facefrom theworln whereby coolingpistonsfof coolant may be rammed into saidpockets after the grinding face leaves the work and dropped out beforestantial distance within the wall thereof and terminating in roundedupper ends, means for moving work arcuately across a portion only ofsaid rotating annular grinding face and means to project a. stream orcoolant into saidpoekets adjacent the po nt of departure of saidgrinding face from the work, whereby cooling pistons of coolant may berammed into said pockets after the grinding face leaves the work anddropped out before said pockets again reach the work.

6, In a grinding machine, in combination, a rotating surface grindercomprising a cylindrical ring of substantial depth having a wall ofinherently abrasive material having an annular grinding face on one endthereof and having pockets extending across the annular grinding facethereof obliquely to the radial extending upwards a substantial distancewithin the wallthereof, means for mov-- ing work areuately across aportion only of said rotating annular grinding face and means to projecta stream of coolant into said pockets adjacent the point of departure ofsaid grinding face from the work, whereby cooling pistons of. coolantmay be rammed into said pockets after the grinding face leaves the workand dropped out before said pockets again reach the work.

7. In a grinding machine, in combination, a rotating surface grindercomprising a cylindrical ring of substantial depth having a wall ofinherently abrasive material having an annular grinding face on one endthereof and having pockets extendingacross the annular grinding facethereof extendiug upwards :1 substantial distance within the wallthereof, means for, moving. work arcuatcly across a portion only of saidrotating annular grinding face and means. to project a stream of coolantsubstantially-vertically upwardly into said pockets adjacent the pointof departure of said grinding face from the work whereby cooling pistonsof coolant may be rammed into said pockets after the grimling faceleaves the work and droppedout before said pockets again reach the work.

Fl. The method of lulnzicating a, rotating grinding surface moving incycles relative to work amtcontacting the work during a portion only ofsaid cycle. which comprises, forming axially vertical pockets in saidgrinding surface and vertically ramming pistons of coolant into saidpockets substantially at the l'ieginning of the uncontactingportion ofsaid cycle, the speed conditions being such.

that the pistons are dropped out before the grinding portion of saidcycle begins.

9. The method of lubricating rotating grinding surface moving in cyclesrelative to work and contacting the work during the portiononly of saidcycle, which comprises, forming pocketsin said grinding surface andramming pistons ot coolant into said pockets substantially 1 t thebeginning of the uncontactingz Portion of said cycle, the speedconditions being such that the pistons are dropped out before thegrinding portion of said cycle begins.

10. A grinder for use in surface, grinding, comprising, a cylindricalring of substantial depth having a wall of inherently abrasive materialhaving an annular grinding face on one end thereof having enclosedpockets substantially elliptical in section extending partway acrosssaid surface obliquely to the radial enclosed by the side wall extendingupwards a substantial distance within said wall and terminating inrounded upper ends.

11. A grinder for use in surface grinding, comprising, a cylindricalring of substantial depth having a wall of inherently abrasive materialhaving an annular grinding face on one end thereof having enclosedpockets extending part way across said surface enclosed by the side wallextending upwards a. substantial distance within said wall.

12. A grinder for use in surface grinding, con'iprising. a cylindricalring of substantial depth having a wall of inherently abrasive materialhaving anannular grinding face on one end thereof having enclosedpockets sub stantially elliptical in section extending part wayacross'said surface enclosed by. the side wall extending upwards asubstantial distance within said wall.

13. A grinder for use in surface grinding. comprising, a cylindricalring of substantial depth having a wall of inherently abrasive materialhaving an annular grinding face on one end thereof having enclosedpockets extending part \ay across said surface obliquely to the radialenclosed by the side wall extending upwards a substantial distancewithin said wall.

14; A grinderfor use in surface grinding. comprising. a cylindrical ringof sul'istautial depth having a wall of inherently abrasive materialhaving an annular grinding face on one end thereof having enclosedpockets extending part way across said surface enclosed, by the side.wall extending upwards a substain tial distance within said well andterminating in rounded upper ends.

In testimony whereof I allix my signature.

WALTER B. LEONARD, 2x1).

